Since the discovery of the fact that tyrosine kinase inhibitors could improve progression-free survival for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer compared with traditional chemotherapy, it has been extremely important to identify epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in treatment stratification. Although lack of sufficient biopsy samples limit the precise detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in clinical practice, and it is difficult to identify the sensitive patients who confer favorable response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. An increasing number of scholars tried to deal with these problems using methods based on the non-invasive imaging including computed tomography and PET to find the association with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status and survival treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer. Although the conclusions have not reached a consensus, quantitative and high-throughput radiomics have brought us a new direction and might successfully help identify patients undergoing tyrosine kinase inhibitors who could get significant benefits.