Objective: The clinical process for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal lesion due to blunt abdominal trauma in children is not consistent. The goal of the present study was to assess the efficiency of our institutional procedure to manage hemodynamically stable pediatric patients with benign abdominal trauma and to select patients who need a radiological examination in an emergency pediatric department.
Material and methods: This was a prospective cohort study from June 2008 to June 2010 in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatric patients with benign abdominal trauma and with stable hemodynamic parameters were included in the study. We conducted first clinical examination and clinical laboratory assessment for blood count, platelet count, hematocrit, serum glutamo-oxalacétique transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lipase and urine. A second clinical examination was performed 2 h later. Patients with biological abnormalities and/or with persistent pain underwent a computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen. Our main criterion for judging was the presence of intra-abdominal lesion as revealed by the scan, which was considered as the gold standard. At the second clinical examination, patients without pain and with normal results for clinical laboratory assessment were sent home. A telephone call was made to the children 48 h after the visit to the hospital emergency department. The secondary criterion for judging was the absence of complication in children who did not undergo the scan.
Results: A total of 111 children were included. Seventy-five children underwent the complete procedure. Thirty-four scans were performed. The scan revealed that 22 patients had an intra-abdominal lesion. Multivariate analysis indicated that SGOT higher than 34 IU/L and the persistence of pain for more than 2 h from the initial evaluation of trauma favored the development of intra-abdominal lesion. On the basis of these two criteria, we developed a predictive diagnostic score for post-traumatic intra-abdominal injuries with a high negative predictive value. For children who were sent home without a radiological examination, no complications were observed at 48 h after the visit to the emergency department.
Conclusion: The present protocol is a good approach to identify children at risk for intra-abdominal lesion who need a radiological examination and those who do not require any complementary examinations. The predictive diagnostic score could help young hospital doctors to assess blunt abdominal trauma.
Keywords: Abdominal trauma; Children; Diagnostic score; Nonoperative managment.