Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for Alcohol Use Disorders: State of the Art and Future Directions

Neurotherapeutics. 2020 Jan;17(1):116-126. doi: 10.1007/s13311-019-00780-x.

Abstract

Alcohol use disorders remain one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity across the world, yet despite this impact, there are few treatment options for patients suffering from these disorders. To this end, non-invasive brain stimulation, most commonly utilizing technologies including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has recently emerged as promising potential treatments for alcohol use disorders. Enthusiasm for these interventions is fueled by their non-invasive nature, generally favorable safety profile, and ability to target and modulate brain regions implicated in substance use disorders. In this paper, we describe the underlying principles behind these commonly used stimulation technologies, summarize existing experiments and randomized controlled trials, and provide an integrative summary with suggestions for future areas of research. Currently available data generally supports the use of non-invasive brain stimulation as a near-term treatment for alcohol use disorder, with important caveats regarding the use of stimulation in this patient population.

Keywords: Transcranial magnetic stimulation; alcohol use disorders; neural architecture; non-invasive brain stimulation; transcranial direct current stimulation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alcoholism / physiopathology
  • Alcoholism / therapy*
  • Brain / physiopathology*
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Humans
  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation* / trends
  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation* / trends
  • Treatment Outcome