Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who are treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) have an increased risk of developing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) when compared with patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, CIN prevention measures are less frequently applied in PPCI than in elective PCI. At present, no preventive strategy has been recommended by the current guidelines for patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI.Published research was scanned by formal searches of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from 1966 to July 2018. Internet-based sources of information on the results of clinical trials in cardiology were also searched.A total of three randomized trials involving 924 patients were included in the present meta-analysis, of whom 462 received hydration with isotonic saline (hydration group) and 462 received no hydration (control group). Periprocedural hydration with isotonic saline was associated with a significant decrease in the rate of CIN (16.9% in the hydration group versus 26.4% in the control group; summary risk ratio: 0.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.50-0.82, P = 0.0005). There was no difference in the rate of postprocedural hemodialysis or death between the groups.Intravenous saline hydration during PPCI reduced the risk of CIN without significantly altering the rate of requirement for renal replacement therapy or mortality.
Keywords: Intravenous saline hydration; Myocardial infarction.