: Advances in HIV treatment and pioneering public health strategies have yielded remarkable successes in the global fight against HIV. However, attaining UNAIDS Fast Track 90-90-90 global targets will require a renewed focus on the psychosocial aspects of HIV that too often prevent vulnerable individuals from engaging in prevention, testing, and treatment. Each step along the HIV Care Continuum can be viewed as an opportunity for positive adaptation or 'resilience', and the scientific study of resilience among HIV populations continues to grow. This AIDS supplement aims to draw attention to current conceptualizations of resilience among HIV-affected populations and to delineate factors that people living with HIV identify as critical for their ability to cope with HIV-related challenges. We also highlight innovative resilience-based interventions that are designed to help people living with HIV not only survive - but also thrive - across psychological, social, and health-related domains.