Routine screening for postpartum depression (PPD) is widespread; however not all women comply. In this prospective study, women who participated in a screening initiative in Israel were compared to those who did not, and factors associated with participation were examined. One-to-two days postpartum women completed a socio-demographic survey, and at 6-weeks postpartum 76% participated in a screening initiative. Having at least three children, a family history of depression, and more positive attitudes toward seeking help were associated with participation in the screening initiative. PPD screening procedures should be optimized to offer the most suitable and acceptable screening program to women from various socio-demographic backgrounds.