Relationship between Lattice Strain and Efficiency for Sn-Perovskite Solar Cells

Kohei Nishimura; Daisuke Hirotani; Muhammad Akmal Kamarudin; Qing Shen; Taro Toyoda; Satoshi Iikubo; Takashi Minemoto; Kenji Yoshino; Shuzi Hayase

doi:10.1021/acsami.9b09564

Relationship between Lattice Strain and Efficiency for Sn-Perovskite Solar Cells

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 Aug 28;11(34):31105-31110. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b09564. Epub 2019 Aug 16.

Authors

Kohei Nishimura^{1

2}, Daisuke Hirotani², Muhammad Akmal Kamarudin^{1

2}, Qing Shen¹, Taro Toyoda¹, Satoshi Iikubo², Takashi Minemoto³, Kenji Yoshino⁴, Shuzi Hayase^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Informatics and Engineering , The University of Electro-Communications , 1-5-1 Chofugaoka , Chofu , Tokyo 182-8585 , Japan.
² Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering , Kyushu Institute of Technology , 2-4 Hibikino , Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-shi , Fukuoka-ken 808-0196 , Japan.
³ Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Nojihigashi , Kusatsu-shi , Shiga 525-8577 , Japan.
⁴ Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Miyazaki University , 1-1 Gakuenkibanadainishi , Miyazaki-shi , Miyazaki 889-2192 , Japan.

PMID: 31385691
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09564

Abstract

In the composition of Q_0.1(FA_0.75MA_0.25)_0.9SnI₃, Q is replaced with Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺, ethylammonium⁺ (EA⁺), and butylammonium⁺ (BA⁺), respectively, and the relationship between actually measured lattice strain and photovoltaic performances is discussed. The lattice strain evaluated by the Williamson-hall plot of X-ray diffraction data decreased as the tolerance factor was close to one. The efficiency of the Sn-perovskite solar cell was enhanced as the lattice strain decreased. Among them, EA_0.1(FA_0.75MA_0.25)_0.9SnI₃ having lowest lattice strain gave the best result of 5.41%. Because the carrier mobility increased with a decrease in the lattice strain, these lattice strains would disturb carrier mobility and decrease the solar cell efficiency. Finally, the results that the efficiency of the SnGe-perovskite solar cells was gradually enhanced from 6.42 to 7.60% during storage, was explained by the lattice strain relaxation during the storage.

Keywords: Pb-free; Sn-perovskite; lattice strain; multi-cation; perovskite solar cells.