Effects and mechanisms of QiShenYiQi pills and major ingredients on myocardial microcirculatory disturbance, cardiac injury and fibrosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion

Abstract

Coronary heart disease remains a major threaten for public health worldwide, and pharmacological or mechanical coronary reperfusion are currently used for treatment of acute coronary syndrome. However, restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium leads to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Microcirculatory disturbance and cardiac injury after I/R occur via a complex pathologic process including metabolism impairment in the ischemia phase and oxidative stress in the reperfusion phase. Obviously, any treatment targeting a single link is insufficient to cope with I/R injury. Investigation in the past decade in our laboratory as well as in other's demonstrated the cardioprotection potential of QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ) and ingredients in experimental animal models of I/R injury. These results have offered insight into the mechanism thereby QSYQ prevents against cardiac I/R injury in clinic. This review will outline the results with respect to the effect of QSYQ and major bioactive ingredients on I/R-induced microcirculatory disturbance, cardiac injury and fibrosis, with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms.

Keywords: Chemokine; Energy metabolism; Macrophages; Oxidative stress; Smad.