Clinical neuroprosthetics: Today and tomorrow

Morgan B Lee; Daniel R Kramer; Terrance Peng; Michael F Barbaro; Charles Y Liu; Spencer Kellis; Brian Lee

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2019.07.056

Clinical neuroprosthetics: Today and tomorrow

J Clin Neurosci. 2019 Oct:68:13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.07.056. Epub 2019 Jul 30.

Authors

Morgan B Lee¹, Daniel R Kramer², Terrance Peng², Michael F Barbaro², Charles Y Liu³, Spencer Kellis⁴, Brian Lee³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: morganle@usc.edu.
² Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
³ Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
⁴ Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; T&C Chen Brain Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Abstract

Implantable neurostimulation devices provide a direct therapeutic link to the nervous system and can be considered brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Under this definition, BCI are not simply science fiction, they are part of existing neurosurgical practice. Clinical BCI are standard of care for historically difficult to treat neurological disorders. These systems target the central and peripheral nervous system and include Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Responsive Neurostimulation, and Deep Brain Stimulation. Recent advances in clinical BCI have focused on creating "closed-loop" systems. These systems rely on biomarker feedback and promise individualized therapy with optimal stimulation delivery and minimal side effects. Success of clinical BCI has paralleled research efforts to create BCI that restore upper extremity motor and sensory function to patients. Efforts to develop closed loop motor/sensory BCI is linked to the successes of today's clinical BCI.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Brain-Computer Interfaces / trends*
Deep Brain Stimulation / instrumentation
Deep Brain Stimulation / methods
Deep Brain Stimulation / trends*
Humans
Nervous System Diseases / therapy*
Vagus Nerve Stimulation / instrumentation
Vagus Nerve Stimulation / methods
Vagus Nerve Stimulation / trends*

Grants and funding

KL2 TR001854/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States