Purpose of review: To discuss the different forms of enteral nutrition, while outlining available evidence for its use in specific conditions and how enteral nutrition composition may or may not influence relevant outcomes.
Recent findings: Enteral nutrition formulas were originally conceived as a liquid form of nutrition for individuals who otherwise could not consume adequate calories through solid food. Over time, the emergence of specialty formulas marketed to benefit specific diseases or conditions has led to a broad range of potentially confusing options. While most options have theoretical benefit for their marketed conditions, the evidence demonstrating practical benefit is not consistent. Overall, the certainty of evidence for specialty formulas remains low or very low. In most instances, one could begin with standard polymeric formula, except in cases where disease-specific formulas are recommended. Much research is nonetheless still needed to clarify whether some disease-specific formulas are truly beneficial or merely theoretical features.
Keywords: Elemental formula; Enteral nutrition; Immunonutrition; Semi-elemental formula.