Influence of the pH Value of Refluxate and Proximal Extent on Heartburn Perception in Patients with Proton Pump Inhibitor-Refractory Non-Erosive Reflux Disease

Digestion. 2020;101(4):375-381. doi: 10.1159/000500133. Epub 2019 Jul 29.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Weakly acidic reflux has been reported as the major cause of symptom occurrence in patients with proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-refractory non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). This study is aimed at clarifying whether the pH value of weakly acidic reflux affects the induction of symptoms.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the records of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring in 57 patients with PPI-refractory NERD. Weakly acidic refluxes were divided into 3 categories based on the pH value of the refluxate: pH 4-5, 5-6, and 6-7.

Results: A total of 29 patients were positive in the symptom index. The symptom provocation rate in reflux of pH 4-5 (19%) was much higher than in that of pH 5-6 (11%) and pH 6-7 (12%). In the reflux at pH 4-5, the symptom provocation rate in the proximal reflux was higher than that in the distal reflux (p < 0.05), whereas the reflux at pH 5-6 and pH 6-7 was not significantly different in the symptom provocation rate between the proximal and distal refluxes.

Conclusion: Reflux at pH <5 reaching the proximal esophagus was the main factor in the induced symptoms of patients with PPI-refractory NERD.

Keywords: Impedance pH monitoring; Proton pump inhibitor; Proton pump inhibitor refractory non-erosive reflux disease; Proximal reflux; pH value.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Electric Impedance
  • Esophageal pH Monitoring
  • Esophagus / metabolism
  • Female
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / complications
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / drug therapy
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / metabolism*
  • Gastrointestinal Contents / chemistry*
  • Heartburn / etiology
  • Heartburn / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Perception
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Symptom Assessment
  • Symptom Flare Up
  • Treatment Failure

Substances

  • Proton Pump Inhibitors