Associations of daily mortality with short-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents in Shanghai, China

Yiyi Wang; Zhihao Shi; Fuzhen Shen; Jinjin Sun; Lin Huang; Hongliang Zhang; Chen Chen; Tiantian Li; Jianlin Hu

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.249

Associations of daily mortality with short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents in Shanghai, China

Chemosphere. 2019 Oct:233:879-887. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.249. Epub 2019 Jun 1.

Authors

Yiyi Wang¹, Zhihao Shi¹, Fuzhen Shen¹, Jinjin Sun¹, Lin Huang¹, Hongliang Zhang², Chen Chen³, Tiantian Li⁴, Jianlin Hu⁵

Affiliations

¹ Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
² Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States.
³ National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
⁴ National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China. Electronic address: tiantianli@gmail.com.
⁵ Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China. Electronic address: jianlinhu@nuist.edu.cn.

PMID: 31340414
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.249

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have shown that fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has adverse impacts on human health. However, limited studies have investigated the effects of short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents on mortality in China. This study used the generalized linear model (GLM) to investigate the effects of PM_2.5 and its constituents, including organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃^-), sulfate (SO₄^2-), on different causes of mortality in Shanghai from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. The single-day lagged model and the moving average lagged model were used to examine the lagging effects of pollutants on mortality. At lag0 day, PM_2.5 had a significant effect on all-cause mortality, and a 10 μg/m³ increase leads to 0.68% increase in all-cause mortality (RR 1.0068, 95%CI 1.0013-1.0123). Among the five constituents, EC had the greatest impact on all-cause mortality in Shanghai, with 10.48% increase of mortality (RR 1.1048, 95%CI 1.0266-1.1891) per 10 μg/m³ increase of concentrations, followed by OC (RR 1.0577, 95%CI 1.0277-1.0886), NH₄⁺ (RR 1.0272, 95%CI 1.0028-1.0522) and SO₄^2- (RR 1.0104, 95%CI 1.0003-1.0206). For respiratory diseases mortality, EC, OC, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ had significant impacts and caused an increase of mortality by 44.99% (RR 1.4499, 95%CI 1.1813-1.7794), 10.40% (RR 1.1040, 95%CI 1.0260-1.1880), 5.338% (RR 1.0533, 95%CI 1.0097-1.0989) and 7.34% (RR 1.0734, 95%CI 1.0015-1.1505) per 10 μg/m³ increase of concentrations, respectively. The cumulative effect of PM_2.5 on mortality was significant in Shanghai. Except for SO₄^2-, the RR value of the single-day lagged model was smaller than the moving average lagged model.

Keywords: Fine particulate matter; GLM; Mortality; PM components; Shanghai.

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants / analysis*
Air Pollution / analysis*
Ammonium Compounds / analysis
Carbon / analysis
China
Environmental Exposure / adverse effects*
Humans
Linear Models
Lung Diseases / chemically induced*
Lung Diseases / mortality*
Nitrates / analysis
Particulate Matter / analysis*
Sulfates / analysis

Substances

Air Pollutants
Ammonium Compounds
Nitrates
Particulate Matter
Sulfates
Carbon