Thirty dairy farms were selected for this study; the first objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of subclinical bovine mastitis (SCM) in Eastern Algeria, from 600 lactating cows, and to identify potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of bovine mastitis and bacteria isolation using logistic regression. The second objective was to evaluate biofilm formation capacity and detect biofilm-associated genes of S. aureus, isolated from SCM cases. Molecular typing was investigated by spa typing. The prevalence of mastitis at cow and quarter level was 37.66% (226/600) and 27.17% (555/2042), respectively. Stage of lactation, cow breed, milk production, and the study area were factors associated with SCM. In addition, the most frequent pathogens isolated from mastitic milk were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), E. coli, and S. aureus. The study area was highly associated with SCM caused by S. aureus; cows from Setif province were 18 times more affected with SCM caused by S. aureus compared to cows from Batna province (OR = 18.6, 95%CI 2.038-171.2), but were less affected with SCM caused by CNS isolates (OR = 0.17, 95%CI 0.033-0.868). Moreover, cows with milk production less than 10 L per day increased (p < 0.05) the prevalence of mastitis caused by E. coli. All the S. aureus isolates had biofilm-forming ability, and 41.66% of isolates were positive for adhesion genes (icaA, icaD, fbnA, and clfA). This study, therefore, warrants the need for improving sanitary measures and strict hygienic measures, and presents the first insight into biofilm-forming ability of S. aureus strains causing mastitis in dairy herds in Algeria, which will help in tracking the evolution of epidemic strains responsible for causing bovine mastitis.
Keywords: Algeria; Biofilm; Risk factors; S. aureus; Subclinical bovine mastitis.