Vascular Complications and Procedures Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Sneha Raju; Naomi Eisenberg; Janice Montbriand; Robert J Cusimano; Christopher Feindel; Maral Ouzounian; Eric Horlick; Mark Osten; Wendy Tsang; Graham Roche-Nagle

doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.03.014

Vascular Complications and Procedures Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2019 Sep;58(3):437-444. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.03.014. Epub 2019 Jul 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
² Division of Vascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
³ Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁴ Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁵ Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: graham.roche-nagle@uhn.ca.

PMID: 31326268
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.03.014

Abstract

Objectives: Vascular complications (VCs) remain a significant cause of morbidity in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) patients and are associated with worse outcomes. This research analysed the incidence, impact, and predictors of VCs in transfemoral cases.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of 388 consecutive TAVI patients between January 2007 and April 2015, which included 237 transfemoral cases. Major and minor VCs were characterised according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) guidelines. Logistic regression was completed to identify predictors of VCs.

Results: While VCs occurred in 68 (28.7%) cases, only seven (3.38%) were classified as major complications. Twenty-six (10.9%) of these complications occurred intra-operatively, with four being major (1.6%) and 22 minor (9.3%). Post-operative VCs occurred in 42 cases (17.2%), with three (1.3%) being major. Procedures to correct VCs occurred in 10 (4.2%) cases, with the majority (90%) being surgical and the remainder being treated by endovascular techniques. Nine surgical procedures, predominantly embolectomy, were performed to correct post-operative complications. Female gender was a predictor of all major VCs (B = -2.1, p < .006). Further, a logistic regression analysis found that when the largest sheath was located on the left side, there were increased minor post-operative complications (B = -0.99, p = .007). Dissections and haematomas made up the majority of VCs. Thirty day mortality was six patients (n = 2.5%), and peri-operative VCs were significantly correlated with 30 day mortality (p = .001, R = 0.21). The 30 day readmission rate comprised nine patients (3.8%), with three (1.3%) due to VCs, including haematomas and groin infections.

Conclusions: VCs contribute to operative morbidity in TAVI patients. This study demonstrated low major VC rates over an eight year period. Left sided location of largest sheath size and female gender were predictors of VC.

Keywords: Percutaneous; Procedures; TAVI; Vascular complications.

MeSH terms

Aged, 80 and over
Aortic Valve Stenosis / diagnosis
Aortic Valve Stenosis / surgery*
Computed Tomography Angiography
Echocardiography
Female
Femoral Artery*
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Male
Multidetector Computed Tomography
Peripheral Arterial Disease / diagnosis
Peripheral Arterial Disease / etiology*
Postoperative Complications / diagnosis
Postoperative Complications / etiology*
Retrospective Studies
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / adverse effects*
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex