Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and other comorbidities in patients with hypertension in Portuguese primary health care populations: The PRECISE study

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in Portugal. The prevalence of hypertension, the second most important risk factor accounting for overall disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is significant. Hypertension rarely occurs in isolation, but is usually associated with other determining risk factors that contribute to greater overall CV risk. The main objective of the PRECISE study, a cross-sectional epidemiological study, was to determine the prevalence of other concomitant modulating CV risk factors in hypertensive patients.

Methods: The prevalence of other CV risk factors and target organ damage was assessed in 2848 hypertensive patients of both sexes followed in primary health care centers. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapies prescribed were collected.

Results: Of the study population (mean age 65.8±11.0 years, 60.8% women), 98.0% were treated for hypertension, but only 56.7% had controlled blood pressure. Hypercholesterolemia was the most frequent concomitant CV risk factor (82.1%), followed by sedentary behavior (71.4%). Prevalences of concomitant modulating risk factors were significantly different between the sexes and age groups. Overall, 81.7% of hypertensive patients had three or more concomitant CV risk factors.

Conclusions: The study showed that, in Portugal, hypertensive patients have a high prevalence of other CV risk factors, confirming the need to identify these factors, calculate overall CV risk and continuously monitor the care provided and the results obtained.

Keywords: Comorbidities; Comorbilidades; Fatores de risco; Hipertensão arterial; Hypertension; Overall cardiovascular risk; Risco cardiovascular global; Risk factors.