Identification and visualisation of microplastics by Raman mapping

Zahra Sobhani; Md Al Amin; Ravi Naidu; Mallavarapu Megharaj; Cheng Fang

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.021

Identification and visualisation of microplastics by Raman mapping

Anal Chim Acta. 2019 Oct 24:1077:191-199. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.021. Epub 2019 May 16.

Authors

Zahra Sobhani¹, Md Al Amin¹, Ravi Naidu², Mallavarapu Megharaj², Cheng Fang³

Affiliations

¹ Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
² Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
³ Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. Electronic address: cheng.fang@newcastle.edu.au.

PMID: 31307709
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.021

Abstract

Recently, microplastics (MP) have emerged as global contaminants of serious concern to human and ecological health. However, identification and visualisation of MP are still a challenge, whether from wastewater, oceans, sediment or soil. Particularly when MP are mapped to visualise their distribution, the background signal from sediment and soil might be high and shield the MP signal from the analysis. Raman has recently received increasing attention, as the complementary spectrum of infrared (IR), because it can overcome the drawbacks of IR analysis including water interference, low lateral resolution and a complex spectrum. Here we show that Raman can identify and visualise MP from a soil/sand background, with almost no sample preparation, no dye, no destruction of the sample and no interference from water/organic matter/fluorescence background signals as well. By mapping image via their characteristic and fingerprint peaks, MP including polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP) can be individually identified and visualised. The lateral resolution along the focal plane is 1 μm/pixel to catch small MP down to 1 μm.

Keywords: Contamination; Fingerprint spectrum; Identification; Microplastic; Raman mapping; Visualisation.