Catheter ablation of electrical storm in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background: Therapeutic strategies for electrical storm (ES) in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) are not well defined.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report the acute and long-term results of ventricular tachycardia (VT) radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) as a treatment of ES in patients with ARVC.

Methods: This multicenter study retrospectively enrolled 23 consecutive patients with ARVC (mean age 43.6 ± 16.7 years; all men) who underwent 24 RFCA procedures for ES between 2003 and 2015.

Results: Thirteen patients (57%) had a previous VT RFCA procedure; 14 (61%) had right ventricular dysfunction and 7 (30%) left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 50%. The clinical VT was inducible in 19 procedures (79%). Epicardial ablation was performed in 4 procedures (17%). The median number of targeted VTs was 1 (range 1-6). Complete acute success (no VT inducible) was achieved in 11 procedures (46%) and partial acute success (clinical VT nor inducible) in 11 (46%). After a median follow-up of 3.9 years (range 1 month-10 years), ES recurred in 2 patients and end-stage heart failure developed in 4 (17%), leading to 1 death and 3 heart transplantations. At 1-year follow-up, the probability of freedom from VT recurrence was 75% and did not significantly predict long-term survival. At the last evaluation, 8 patients (35%) were free of non-β-blocker antiarrhythmic drugs as compared with 1 (4%) at baseline (P = .02).

Conclusion: Catheter ablation was efficient to prevent ES recurrence in patients with ARVC. However, these patients were at high risk of evolution toward ARVC-related heart failure that was not associated with VT recurrence.

Keywords: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; Electrical storm; Radiofrequency catheter ablation; Right ventricle; Ventricular tachycardia.