Purpose of review: In this manuscript, the recent advancements and novel approaches for regeneration of the ocular surface are summarized.
Recent findings: Following severe injuries, persistent inflammation can alter the rehabilitative capability of the ocular surface environment. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is one of the most characterized ocular surface disorders mediated by deficiency and/or dysfunction of the limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) located in the limbal niche. Currently, the most advanced approach for revitalizing the ocular surface and limbal niche is based on transplantation of limbal tissues harboring LESCs. Emerging approaches have focused on restoring the ocular surface microenvironment using (1) cell-based therapies including cells with capabilities to support the LESCs and modulate the inflammation, e.g., mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), (2) bio-active extracellular matrices from decellularized tissues, and/or purified/synthetic molecules to regenerate the microenvironment structure, and (3) soluble cytokine/growth factor cocktails to revive the signaling pathways.
Summary: Ocular surface/limbal environment revitalization provide promising approaches for regeneration of the ocular surface.
Keywords: Corneal Epithelium; Extracellular Matrix; Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Deficiency; Limbal Stem Cell Niche; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Ocular Surface Regeneration.