Apigenin-mediated Alterations in Viability and Senescence of SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cells Persist in The Presence of L-thyroxine

Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2019;19(12):1535-1542. doi: 10.2174/1871520619666190704102708.

Abstract

Introduction: Deregulation of Thyroid Hormones (THs) system in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) suggests that these hormones may play roles in CRC pathogenesis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds, which possess potent antitumor activities and interfere, albeit some of them, with all aspects of THs physiology. Whether the antitumor actions of flavonoids are affected by THs is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of apigenin (Api), a well-known flavone, on some tumorigenic properties of SW480 CRC cells in the presence and absence of L-thyroxine (T4).

Methods: Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis were used to evaluate cell death. Cell senescence was examined by in situ detection of β-galactosidase activity. Protein expression was assessed by antibody array technique.

Results: While T4 had minimal effects, Api reduced cell growth and senescence by induction of apoptosis. Expression of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins were differentially affected by Api and T4. Survivin, HSP60 and HTRA were the most expressed proteins by the cells. Almost all Api-induced effects persisted in the presence of T4.

Conclusion: These data suggest that Api may inhibit CRC cell growth and progression through induction of apoptosis rather than cell necrosis or senescence. In addition, they suggest that T4 has minimal effects on CRC cell growth, and is not able to antagonize the anti-growth effects of Api. Regardless of the treatments, cells expressed high levels of survivin, HSP60 and HTRA, indicating that these proteins may play central roles in SW480 CRC cell immortality.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; apigenin; apoptosis; cell senescence; flavonoids; thyroid hormones..

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Apigenin / chemical synthesis
  • Apigenin / chemistry
  • Apigenin / pharmacology*
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cellular Senescence / drug effects
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Humans
  • Molecular Structure
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Thyroxine / metabolism*
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Apigenin
  • Thyroxine