Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains an important cause of hospital-acquired infections in the United States and is frequently multidrug-resistant (MDR). The Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines recommend empiric combination therapy that includes an antipseudomonal β-lactam with an aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone likely to cover ≥95% of P. aeruginosa infections in seriously ill patients at risk of having an MDR pathogen. Ceftolozane is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin, combined with the β-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam. Ceftolozane-tazobactam is approved for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections. A phase 3 clinical trial for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia including ventilator-associated pneumoniae was recently completed. We compared the in vitro susceptibility rate of ceftolozane-tazobactam with the cumulative susceptibility rates of antibiotic combinations commonly used against P. aeruginosa.
Methods: Isolates were collected from intensive care unit patients hospitalized in 32 US hospitals from 2011 to 2017. The susceptibilities of 1543 P. aeruginosa isolates from bloodstream infections (198 isolates, 12.8%) or pneumonia (1345 isolates, 87.2%) were determined for ceftolozane-tazobactam and comparators.
Results: The most active antimicrobials were colistin (99.4% susceptible), amikacin (98.1% susceptible), and ceftolozane-tazobactam (96.5% susceptible). The susceptibilities to other antipseudomonal β-lactams and fluoroquinolones were <84%. A cumulative susceptibility of ≥95% was reached for cefepime, ceftazidime, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam only in combination with amikacin due to the lower susceptibilities of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Monotherapies that exceeded 95% were ceftolozane-tazobactam, amikacin, and colistin.
Conclusions: Ceftolozane-tazobactam monotherapy is likely to be active against more isolates than a combination of another β-lactam and a fluoroquinolone or gentamicin for serious P. aeruginosa infections.
Keywords: Ceftolozane/tazobactam; ICU; P. aeruginosa; antibiogram.