Effect of supplemental threonine above requirement on growth performance of Salmonella typhimurium challenged pigs fed high-fiber diets1

Abstract

It was shown previously that high dietary fiber (DF) and immune system stimulation (ISS) with systemic Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide independently increased the threonine (Thr) requirement to maximize growth performance and protein deposition (PD). However, no additive effects on the Thr requirement were observed when both DF and ISS were present. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether supplementing Thr to meet previously estimated requirements for high DF and systemic immune challenge would maintain performance of pigs exposed to an enteric immune challenge when fed high DF. A total of 128 pigs (22.6 ± SD = 1.6 kg initial BW) were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (n = 8 pens/treatment and 4 pigs/pen) for 28 d. Treatments were a low-fiber (LF; 13% total DF) or high-fiber (HF; 20% total DF) diet with either a standard (STD; 0.65% SID) or supplemental (SUP; 0.78% SID) Thr level. After a 7-d adaptation, pigs were orally inoculated with 2 mL (2.3 × 109 CFU/mL) of Salmonella typhimurium (ST). Blood samples and rectal swabs were obtained and rectal temperature recorded to determine clinical responses and ST shedding. On day 7 postinoculation, 1 pig/pen was euthanized and mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and digesta (ileum, cecum, and colon) were sampled to assess ST colonization and translocation. Body weight and feed intake were recorded on day 0, 7, and 21 postinoculation to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Rectal temperature increased (P < 0.05) 24 h postinoculation and remained elevated at day 6. Serum albumin concentration decreased (P < 0.05), whereas haptoglobin concentration increased (P < 0.05) postinoculation. There was no fiber or Thr effect (P > 0.05) on ST counts in the ileum and cecum, but a fiber × Thr interaction (P < 0.05) was observed in the colon. Supplemental Thr improved (P < 0.05) growth performance in LF- and HF-fed challenged pigs. However, performance of supplemented HF challenged pigs was less than (P < 0.05) supplemented LF challenged pigs. These results suggest that Thr supplemented to meet requirements for high DF and systemic immune challenge was not sufficient to maintain growth performance of pigs fed HF diets and challenged with an enteric pathogen.

Keywords: Salmonella typhimurium; average daily gain; dietary fiber; pigs; threonine.