Child sexual abuse in Indonesia: A systematic review of literature, law and policy

Yanuar Farida Wismayanti; Patrick O'Leary; Clare Tilbury; Yenny Tjoe

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104034

Child sexual abuse in Indonesia: A systematic review of literature, law and policy

Child Abuse Negl. 2019 Sep:95:104034. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104034. Epub 2019 Jun 27.

Authors

Yanuar Farida Wismayanti¹, Patrick O'Leary², Clare Tilbury³, Yenny Tjoe⁴

Affiliations

¹ School of Human Services and Social Work, and Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Logan Campus, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Queensland 4131, Australia; and Ministry of Social Affairs, Republic of Indonesia. Electronic address: yanuar.wismayanti@griffithuni.edu.au.
² School of Human Services and Social Work, and Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Logan Campus, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Queensland 4131, Australia. Electronic address: p.oleary@griffith.edu.au.
³ School of Human Services and Social Work, and Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Logan Campus, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Queensland 4131, Australia. Electronic address: c.tilbury@griffith.edu.au.
⁴ Griffith Asia Institute, Griffith University, Australia. Electronic address: y.tjoe@griffith.edu.au.

PMID: 31255872
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104034

Abstract

Background: Like many middle-income countries, knowledge about child sexual abuse (CSA) is limited in Indonesia. The national government has stated a commitment to protect children from the worst forms of abuse, yet the sensitivity of CSA along with the complexity of culture and law, present substantial challenges.

Objective: This article reviews current knowledge about CSA in Indonesia, in the context of existing laws and policies that influence CSA prevention and intervention.

Method: A systematic review of this research was conducted in the following manner: a review of scholarly literature and grey literature in English (19 papers) and in Bahasa Indonesian (11 papers), and a review of CSA-related Indonesian laws (4 documents) and policies (5 documents).

Results: This review finds that knowledge about CSA in Indonesia is still limited. The taboos on discussing sexual matters were identified as factors that impede reporting of CSA. Poverty also leads to increasing children's risk of sexual abuse. There was less attention to CSA occurring within family contexts and focus was more upon its occurrence outside of the family. The study identified that contradictory definitions of children within the law add to children's vulnerability to CSA; this is especially the case for girls. Current child protection strategies in prevention and intervention lack specific focus on CSA.

Conclusion: Further research is needed to enable the development of evidence-based approaches to better harmonize the development of law and policy with contemporary knowledge about CSA.

Keywords: Child abuse; Child protection; Child sexual abuse; Indonesia.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Systematic Review

MeSH terms

Child
Child Abuse, Sexual* / legislation & jurisprudence
Child Abuse, Sexual* / prevention & control
Family
Female
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*
Humans
Indonesia
Male
Social Stigma