Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading threats to human health. The advanced glycation end product (AGE) and receptor for AGE (RAGE) signaling pathway regulates the pathogenesis of CVDs, through its effects on arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and cytoskeletal function. Targeting the AGE/RAGE pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy for ameliorating CVDs. Vitamin D has several beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Experimental findings have shown that vitamin D regulates AGE/RAGE signaling and its downstream effects. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanistic insights into AGE/RAGE involvement in CVDs and the modulation of the AGE/RAGE signaling pathways by vitamin D.
Keywords:
Calcitriol; Diabetic cardiomyopathy; Inflammation; Ischemia–reperfusion injury; Myocarditis.
MeSH terms
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Actin Cytoskeleton / drug effects
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Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism
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Actin Cytoskeleton / ultrastructure
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Animals
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Calcium / metabolism
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Cardiotonic Agents / therapeutic use
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Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / blood
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Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / genetics
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Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / pathology
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Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / prevention & control*
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Glycation End Products, Advanced / blood
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Glycation End Products, Advanced / genetics*
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Guanidines / therapeutic use
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Humans
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Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / blood
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Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / genetics
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Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / pathology
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Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / prevention & control*
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Myocarditis / blood
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Myocarditis / genetics
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Myocarditis / pathology
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Myocarditis / prevention & control*
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Oxidative Stress / drug effects
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Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / blood
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Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / genetics*
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Signal Transduction
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Thiazoles / therapeutic use
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Vascular Stiffness / drug effects
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Vitamin D / blood
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Vitamin D / therapeutic use*
Substances
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AGER protein, human
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Cardiotonic Agents
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Glycation End Products, Advanced
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Guanidines
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Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
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Thiazoles
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Vitamin D
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alagebrium
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pimagedine
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Calcium