ARHGAP21 deficiency impairs hepatic lipid metabolism and improves insulin signaling in lean and obese mice

Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2019 Nov;97(11):1018-1027. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0691. Epub 2019 Jun 27.

Abstract

ARHGAP21 is a Rho-GAP that controls GTPases activity in several tissues, but its role on liver lipid metabolism is unknown. Thus, to achieve the Rho-GAP role in the liver, control and ARHGAP21-haplodeficient mice were fed chow (Ctl and Het) or high-fat diet (Ctl-HFD and Het-HFD) for 12 weeks, and pyruvate and insulin tolerance tests, insulin signaling, liver glycogen and triglycerides content, gene and protein expression, and very-low-density lipoprotein secretion were measured. Het mice displayed reduced body weight and plasma triglycerides levels, and increased liver insulin signaling. Reduced gluconeogenesis and increased glycogen content were observed in Het-HFD mice. Gene and protein expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein were reduced in both Het mice, while the lipogenic genes SREBP-1c and ACC were increased. ARHGAP21 knockdown resulted in hepatic steatosis through increased hepatic lipogenesis activity coupled with decreases in CPT1a expression and very-low-density lipoprotein export. In conclusion, liver of ARHGAP21-haplodeficient mice are more insulin sensitive, associated with higher lipid synthesis and lower lipid export.

Keywords: ARHGAP21; hepatic steatosis; insulin sensitivity; liver metabolism; métabolisme hépatique; obesity; obésité; sensibilité à l’insuline; stéatose hépatique.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins / deficiency*
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins / genetics
  • Gene Knockout Techniques*
  • Glucose / biosynthesis
  • Glycogen / metabolism
  • Insulin / metabolism*
  • Lipid Metabolism* / genetics
  • Lipoproteins, VLDL / biosynthesis
  • Lipoproteins, VLDL / metabolism
  • Liver / metabolism*
  • Liver / pathology
  • Mice
  • Obesity / metabolism*
  • Obesity / pathology*
  • Signal Transduction / genetics

Substances

  • Arhgap21 protein, mouse
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins
  • Insulin
  • Lipoproteins, VLDL
  • Glycogen
  • Glucose