Testing and management for monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and myeloma patients presenting with osteoporosis and fragility fractures

Abstract

Multiple myeloma, the second most frequent blood cancer, and its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, are associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. However, current guidelines fail to offer explicit indications for healthcare professionals in terms of testing and thresholds for onward referral. The purpose of this review is to present the association of these conditions and metabolic bone disease and to highlight the importance of considering a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and myeloma in the context of a secondary fracture prevention assessment and of a multidisciplinary approach in managing these patients.

Keywords: M-protein; fracture; fracture liaison service; monoclonal gammopathies; myeloma; osteoporosis.