Sex/gender differences in health are a function of social and biological factors, and their interplay over the life course. Despite a large body of research documenting sex/gender as a determinant of health behavior and outcomes, far less scholarship examines how these differences are reflected in physiologic function-an important mediator through which social experiences "get under the skin"-in young adulthood. Using nationally representative, longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we examine the relationship between gender and biological function (inflammation and immunosuppression) in young adulthood. Second, we examine the contribution of social and economic circumstances in childhood and early adulthood to gender differences in health. The findings reveal strong gender differences in physiologic function, which are robust to the inclusion of many indicators of the social environment, in both inflammation and immune function.
Keywords: biomarkers; gender; life course.