The effect of adrenalectomy, metyrapone and dexamethasone treatments on gonadotropin response to chronic stress were studied. Adult male rats were submitted to chronic restraint (6 h daily over 4 days). At the end of the last stress period animals were decapitated and trunk blood was collected. Chronic restraint evoked a decrease in plasma LH and to a lesser degree in plasma FSH in the intact rat. Adrenalectomy did not prevent the LH reduction induced by stress and magnified the inhibitory effect of restraint on FSH secretion. Administration of the corticosterone synthesis blocker metyrapone increased the inhibitory effect of restraint on plasma LH and to a lesser degree on plasma FSH. Dexamethasone treatment did not significantly modify plasma gonadotropin levels in adrenalectomized unstressed rats, but this treatment totally blocked plasma LH and FSH reduction after chronic restraint. These results indicate that plasma LH and FSH reduction during chronic restraint is not due to the increase in glucocorticoid secretion, but seems to be mediated by the increase of the hypothalamic-pituitary components of the adrenal axis.