Two-Photon Absorption and Cell Imaging of Fluorene-Functionalized Epicocconone Analogues

Chemistry. 2019 Aug 14;25(46):10954-10964. doi: 10.1002/chem.201902731. Epub 2019 Jul 25.

Abstract

Epicocconone 1 is a natural chromophore isolated from the fungus Epicoccum nigrum that has shown applications in proteomics and fluorescent microscopy thanks to its unique pro-fluorescence properties. The modification of the skeleton of the natural product by replacing the triene side chain by a fluorenyl scaffold can noticeably increase the fluorophore's absorption coefficient. The synthesis of the analogues of the natural product has been made possible by the use of a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reaction, allowing the construction of the β-keto-dioxinone key intermediate. Two-photon absorption cross-section measurements of the fluorenyl epicocconone analogues show a structure dependency with values ranging from 60 to 280 GM and live cell imaging show intense staining of intracellular vesicle-like structures around the nucleus.

Keywords: cell imaging; dioxinone; epicocconone; fluorene; two-photon.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Benzopyrans / chemical synthesis
  • Benzopyrans / chemistry*
  • Catalysis
  • Fluorenes / chemical synthesis
  • Fluorenes / chemistry*
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemical synthesis
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry*
  • Furans / chemical synthesis
  • Furans / chemistry*
  • Ketones / chemical synthesis
  • Ketones / chemistry*
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / methods*
  • Optical Imaging / methods
  • PC12 Cells
  • Palladium / chemistry
  • Rats

Substances

  • Benzopyrans
  • Fluorenes
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Furans
  • Ketones
  • Palladium
  • epicocconone