Food allergen-specific immune tolerance is defined as nonresponsiveness of the adaptive immune system to food antigens. Failed development or inhibition of such tolerance may cause food allergy. With the increasing incidence rate of food allergy year by year, more and more studies have found the association between food allergy and various diseases. The development of food allergen-specific immune tolerance in childhood has been taken more and more seriously. In recent years, many studies have shown that the development of food allergen-specific immune tolerance is influenced by various factors, which can be roughly divided into antigens, organisms, and environment. This article reviews the influencing factors for the development of immune tolerance to food allergens in children, in order to provide help for reducing the incidence of food allergy and improving the prognosis of food allergy.
食物免疫耐受是指机体对摄入的食物抗原不产生正免疫应答的现象，当食物免疫耐受未能正常建立或发生抑制时，人体就可能对食物成分产生过敏反应。随着儿童食物过敏率升高，早期食物过敏与后期诸多疾病之间的关联被发现，人们愈发重视儿童时期对食物抗原的免疫耐受形成。近年来相关研究不断有新的进展，发现食物免疫耐受的形成受多种因素综合影响，大体可分为抗原、机体、环境三个方面。该文就关于儿童食物免疫耐受形成的影响因素的最新研究进展作一综述，以期为减少食物过敏发生，改善食物过敏预后提供帮助。