Allergic mechanisms related to environmental and occupational exposure have been suggested to contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Objectives: To investigate the relationships between atopy markers, persistent airflow limitation (PAL) and occupational exposure in dairy farmers.
Methods: Clinical and biological (total IgE and 21 allergen specific IgE) markers of atopy were assessed in 101 dairy farmers with PAL (DF-PAL), 85 non-farmers with PAL (NF-PAL) (both groups were prospectively included from a screening program performed between 2011 and 2015), and matched controls, i.e. 98 farmers without PAL (DF-controls) and 89 non-farming subjects without PAL (NF-controls). Occupational exposure in farmers was estimated using a validated questionnaire.
Results: Prevalence of allergy history was significantly higher in DF-PAL and in NF-PAL than in controls. Polysensitization, and sensitization to seasonal and food allergens were more frequent in DF-PAL than in DF-controls, respectively: 13.8% vs 1% (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 17.5 (2.2-134), 11.9% vs 3.1% (aOR: 4.4 (1.2-7.2) and 16.8% vs 4.1% (aOR: 5.2 (1.7-7.2)). The prevalence of atopy markers was similar between NF-PAL patients and NF-controls.
Conclusions: PAL in farmers is associated with a high rate of markers of atopy, supporting atopy as a risk indicator. Clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02540408).
Keywords: Atopy; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Farmers; Matthieu Veil-Picard and Thibaud Soumagne contributed equally to the work.; Occupational exposure; Specific IgE.