Dam mutants provide improved sensitivity and spatial resolution for profiling transcription factor binding

Epigenetics Chromatin. 2019 Jun 13;12(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13072-019-0273-x.

Abstract

DamID, in which a protein of interest is fused to Dam methylase, enables mapping of protein-DNA binding through readout of adenine methylation in genomic DNA. DamID offers a compelling alternative to chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq), particularly in cases where cell number or antibody availability is limiting. This comes at a cost, however, of high non-specific signal and a lowered spatial resolution of several kb, limiting its application to transcription factor-DNA binding. Here we show that mutations in Dam, when fused to the transcription factor Tcf7l2, greatly reduce non-specific methylation. Combined with a simplified DamID sequencing protocol, we find that these Dam mutants allow for accurate detection of transcription factor binding at a sensitivity and spatial resolution closely matching that seen in ChIP-seq.

Keywords: Dam; DamID; Tcf7l2; Transcription factor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Chromatin / genetics
  • DNA / metabolism
  • DNA Methylation / genetics
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Embryonic Stem Cells
  • Genomics / methods
  • Mice
  • Mutation
  • Protein Binding
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA / methods*
  • Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific) / genetics
  • Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific) / metabolism*
  • Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein / genetics
  • Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein / metabolism*
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism

Substances

  • Chromatin
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Tcf7l2 protein, mouse
  • Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein
  • Transcription Factors
  • DNA
  • Dam methyltransferase
  • Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)