Industrial wastes may contain high concentrations of valuable metals. Extraction and recovery of these metals have several economic and environmental advantages. Various studies showed positive effects of microwaves as a pretreatment method before the leaching of minerals. However, there are empty rooms for exploring simultaneous microwave and leaching (microwave-leaching) of industrial waste material for the production of valuable metals. This investigation examined the microwave-leaching method to extract copper and zinc from a copper-smelter dust (CSD). The results of microwave-leaching mechanism were compared with conventional heating leaching based on kinetics modelling. The final Cu recovery in the conventional heating and microwave irradiation was 80.88% and 69.83%, respectively. Kinetic studies indicated that the leaching reactions follow diffusion across the product layer. Based on X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses, during conventional experiments sulfate; components formed with high intensity as an ash layer which prevents reagent access to the solid surface and decreases the Cu dissolution. While the sulfate components did not detect in the microwave-leaching residuals which means that microwave irradiation helped to decrease the ash layer formation. Taking all mentioned results into consider it can be concluded that microwave-leaching can be considered as an efficient method for extraction of valuable metals from waste materials.
Keywords: copper smelting dust; kinetics; microwave-leaching; optimization; recycling.