A "watch and wait" strategy in rectal cancer is increasingly considered in patients who achieve an excellent response to radiotherapy. While a growing number of studies have shown the feasibility of this strategy in selected patients, the optimal therapeutic regimen to maximize response rates still needs to be established. Furthermore, accurate response prediction and the management of minor residual findings after radiotherapy remain a matter of debate. Finally, concerns regarding the long-term oncological safety of the "watch and wait" approach have been expressed. Therefore, the present review aims to address the open questions in the context of a "watch and wait" strategy and focuses on the diagnosis of a clinical complete response and the ideal management thereafter.
Keywords: Cancer; Complete response; Organ preservation; Radiotherapy; Rectal cancer.