Single-site glycine-specific labeling of proteins

Nat Commun. 2019 Jun 10;10(1):2539. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10503-7.

Abstract

Labeling of native proteins invites interest from diverse segments of science. However, there remains the significant unmet challenge in precise labeling at a single site of a protein. Here, we report the site-specific labeling of natural or easy-to-engineer N-terminus Gly in proteins with remarkable efficiency and selectivity. The method generates a latent nucleophile from N-terminus imine that reacts with an aldehyde to deliver an aminoalcohol under physiological conditions. It differentiates N-Gly as a unique target amongst other proteinogenic amino acids. The method allows single-site labeling of proteins in isolated form and extends to lysed cells. It administers an orthogonal aldehyde group primed for late-stage tagging with an affinity tag, 19F NMR probe, and a fluorophore. A user-friendly protocol delivers analytically pure tagged proteins. The mild reaction conditions do not alter the structure and function of the protein. The cellular uptake of fluorophore-tagged insulin and its ability to activate the insulin-receptor mediated signaling remains unperturbed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aldehydes / chemistry
  • Escherichia coli
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • Fluorine
  • Glycine / chemistry*
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Insulin / chemistry*
  • Proteins / chemistry*
  • Receptor, Insulin / chemistry
  • Staining and Labeling / methods*

Substances

  • Aldehydes
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Insulin
  • Proteins
  • Fluorine
  • Receptor, Insulin
  • Glycine