A decontamination process plays a key role in management of biological incidents. While decontamination of surfaces and buildings located in the hot zone can be usually postponed until an agent is confirmed and an adequate planning phase is established, personnel wearing personal protective equipment must be decontaminated prior to their final exit from the hot zone. Because CBRN units require the shortest possible duration of this procedure, many factors must be considered, including concentration of biological agents, precleaning, disinfectant formulae, its concentration and spectrum of efficacy, contact time, external conditions (temperature, pH, relative humidity, soil load), technical assets used for decontamination, decontaminated surface (compatibility, pores), and staff performance. Experimental tests with surrogates of biological agents are thus necessary to identify above-mentioned points. Once an optimal decontamination procedure is recognized, a field rehearsal must follow and the method using a surrogate must be implemented into a training process of CBRN units.
Keywords: CBRN; anthrax; biological agents; decontamination; hot zone; personal protective equipment; spores.