Background: Alpinia oxyphylla is a well-known traditional medicine used in China and Korea to treat intestinal disorders, urosis, diuresis, and chronic glomerulonephritis.
Purpose: We investigated the anti-hyperuricemic effects of Alpinia oxyphylla seed extract (AE), and the underlying mechanisms of action through in vitro and in vivo studies.
Methods: We evaluated levels of uric acid in the serum and urine, the expression of renal urate transport proteins, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemic rats. Xanthine oxidase activity was analyzed in vitro, while cellular uric acid uptake was assessed in oocytes expressing the human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1). Moreover, the main components of AE were analyzed using UPLC.
Results: In PO-induced hyperuricemic rats, 200 and 400 mg/kg of AE significantly decreased levels of uric acid in serum, while 400 mg/kg of AE increased uric acid levels in urine. AE did not inhibit xanthine oxidase in vitro; however, 1, 10, and 100 μg/ml of AE significantly decreased uric acid uptake into oocytes expressing hURAT1. Furthermore, 400 mg/kg of AE increased levels of organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 protein, while 200 and 400 mg/kg of AE decreased the protein content of urate transporter, URAT1 and inflammatory cytokines in the kidneys. Nootkatone was identified as one the main chemical components in AE from UPLC analysis.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that AE exerts anti-hyperuricemic and uricosuric effects, which are related to the promotion of uric acid excretion via enhanced secretion and inhibition of uric acid reabsorption in the kidneys. Thus, AE may be a potential treatment for hyperuricemia and gout.
Keywords: Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel; Hyperuricemia; Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1); Potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rat; Urate transporter 1 (URAT1); Uric acid excretion.
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