Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and is becoming a growing concern in global epidemiology. Quality of life of patients has become a major outcome for cancer care but limited study investigated quality of life of PCa patients. Our study is to investigate predictors for treatment outcomes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), nocturia, and the urinary specific quality of life (uQoL) in PCa patients one year following treatment.
Methods: A prospective study of 131 consecutive patients was conducted with outcome measurements before treatment, at 3 months, 6 months, and one year following therapy. We utilized the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire to collect data. Generalized estimating equations were performed to identify predictors for major outcomes of LUTS, nocturia, and uQoL.
Results: LUTS increased slightly over time, but nocturia and uQoL were improved from baseline to 12 months. Results of the interaction analysis indicated that patients with TNM stage 3 compared with those with stage 2 had a reduction in LUTS from diagnosis to 6 months. Patients who received surgery or radiation compared to hormone therapy had worse nocturia from diagnosis to 6 months compared to those of patients who received hormone therapy. Higher body mass index (BMI) decreased the uQoL from diagnosis to 3 months, and higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level deteriorated the uQoL from diagnosis to 12 months.
Conclusion: TNM stage and BMI affected the LUTS. Patients undergone a prostatectomy or radiation therapy showed more frequency of nocturia, BMI and PSA were also risk factors for nocturia. Moreover, patients' age, BMI, and PSA affected uQoL. In such patients, we recommend close monitoring of patients' specific characteristics such as TNM stage, BMI, and PSA for a better quality of life.