Reversible Impaired Methotrexate Clearance After Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Osteosarcoma

Ther Drug Monit. 2019 Dec;41(6):693-695. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000662.

Abstract

The authors present a case of an 18-year-old man with metastasized osteosarcoma, admitted for methotrexate (MTX) treatment combined with cisplatin and doxorubicin. During the first cycle, severe MTX toxicity was observed with increased MTX serum levels and delayed MTX clearance requiring rescue treatment with intensified leucovorin. In the following cycles, cisplatin and doxorubicin were discontinued, and MTX dose was reduced. The elimination half-life slowly improved over the following cycles suggesting a reversible cause responsible for reduced MTX clearance and toxicity during the first cycle. Cisplatin is well-known for its nephrotoxic effects and can induce reversible tubular injury. Previous treatment with cisplatin may well have been responsible for decreased MTX clearance, and combination treatment should be used with adequate monitoring of MTX levels. Other factors that may have contributed, such as urine alkalization, gene polymorphisms, and other drug-drug interactions are discussed.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacokinetics*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Cisplatin / adverse effects
  • Cisplatin / pharmacokinetics*
  • Cisplatin / therapeutic use
  • Doxorubicin / adverse effects
  • Doxorubicin / therapeutic use
  • Drug Interactions
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Kidney Diseases / chemically induced
  • Leucovorin / pharmacology
  • Methotrexate / blood
  • Methotrexate / metabolism
  • Methotrexate / pharmacokinetics*
  • Methotrexate / therapeutic use
  • Morphine / therapeutic use
  • Mucositis / chemically induced
  • Mucositis / drug therapy
  • Osteosarcoma / drug therapy*
  • Osteosarcoma / metabolism
  • Osteosarcoma / pathology*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Morphine
  • Doxorubicin
  • Cisplatin
  • Leucovorin
  • Methotrexate