Current biomechanical research of dental implants focuses on the mechanical damage and enhancement mechanism of the implant-abutment interface as well as how to obtain better mechanical strength and longer fatigue life of dental implants. The mechanical properties of implants can be comprehensively evaluated by strain gauge analysis, photo elastic stress analysis, digital image correlation, finite element analysis, implant bone bonding strength test, and measurement of mechanical properties. Finite element analysis is the most common method for evaluating stress distribution in dental implants, and static pressure and fatigue tests are commonly used in mechanical strength test. This article reviews biomechanical research methods and evaluation indices of dental implants. Results provide methodology guidelines in the field of biomechanics by introducing principles, ranges of application, advantages, and limitations, thereby benefitting researchers in selecting suitable methods. The influencing factors of the experimental results are presented and discussed to provide implant design ideas for researchers.
目前牙种植体的生物力学研究主要集中于种植体-骨结合界面及种植牙内各个部件连接界面的力学损伤及增强机制，以及如何获得更好的牙种植体-基台复合体的整体机械强度和服役寿命等方面的研究。目前有关生物力学的研究，主要通过电阻应力测试方法、光弹应力分析法、数字图像相关分析法、有限元分析法、种植体-骨结合强度力学测试和机械性能测试法对实验样本进行综合评价。目前有限元分析法是最常见的牙种植体应力分布研究法，而静态压力实验和疲劳实验是最常见的机械强度测试研究方法。本文通过对这些研究方法的原理、应用范围及特点的介绍和对实验结果影响因素的梳理，给相关领域研究者们提供方法学的指导，并可拓展种植体的设计思路。.
Keywords: biomechanics; dental implant; mechanical strength; stress.