Seasonal morphodynamic evolution in a meandering channel of a macrotidal estuary

Gubash Azhikodan; Katsuhide Yokoyama

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.289

Seasonal morphodynamic evolution in a meandering channel of a macrotidal estuary

Sci Total Environ. 2019 Sep 20:684:281-295. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.289. Epub 2019 May 23.

Authors

Gubash Azhikodan¹, Katsuhide Yokoyama²

Affiliations

¹ Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. Electronic address: gubash@tmu.ac.jp.
² Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. Electronic address: k-yoko@tmu.ac.jp.

PMID: 31153075
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.289

Abstract

The spatio-temporal morphodynamics in relation to the fortnightly tidal variations and seasonal river discharge variations in a meandering estuarine channel were investigated. Intensive topographic surveys (longitudinal and transverse) every 3-4 months using a digital sonar system equipped with a differential global positioning system and continuous monitoring of salinity and turbidity with moored instruments were carried out during 2009-2012 in the upstream section of the highly turbid macrotidal Chikugo River estuary, Japan. The results revealed that the tidal flow dominated in the estuary for most of the year except for the rainy season in which river flow dominates. During the low flow season, tidally induced net upward sediment transport dominates and deposition takes place in the upstream section especially in the inner part of the meander. It contributes towards the strengthening of the existing estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) in the upstream section of the estuary, and the channel capacity reduced gradually during this period. However, large flood events led to the breakdown of this ETM zone in the upstream during the rainy season and exported the sediments to the downstream tidal flat which resulted in the rapid increase of channel capacity. This further exhibited that the ETM zone was migrated to the downstream part of the estuary during the rainy season. There were significant differences in the seasonal trends of morphological evolution in the estuary which further greatly influenced the channel capacity. The drastic changes in channel morphology due to the sediment export by the high river flow during the flood season was approximately recovered through the sediment import by the fortnightly tidal cycle during the dry season over a seasonal basis. The study concludes that the morphological changes in the tide dominated estuaries are strongly influenced by the fortnightly tidal variations as well as the seasonal river discharge variations.

Keywords: Chikugo River estuary; Dredging; Estuarine turbidity maximum; Morphology; Sediment transport; Tide dominated.