Formation and Reactivity of New Isoporphyrins: Implications for Understanding the Tyr-His Cross-Link Cofactor Biogenesis in Cytochrome c Oxidase

J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Jul 10;141(27):10632-10643. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b01791. Epub 2019 Jun 26.

Abstract

Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) catalyzes the reduction of dioxygen to water utilizing a heterobinuclear active site composed of a heme moiety and a mononuclear copper center coordinated to three histidine residues, one of which is covalently cross-linked to a tyrosine residue via a post-translational modification (PTM). Although this tyrosine-histidine moiety has functional and structural importance, the pathway behind this net oxidative C-N bond coupling is still unknown. A novel route employing an iron(III) meso-substituted isoporphyrin derivative, isoelectronic with Cmpd-I ((Por•+)FeIV═O), is for the first time proposed to be a key intermediate in the Tyr-His cofactor biogenesis. Newly synthesized iron(III) meso-substituted isoporphyrins were prepared with azide, cyanide, and substituted imidazole functionalities, by adding nucleophiles to an iron(III) π-dication species formed via addition of trifluoroacetic acid to F8Cmpd-I (F8 = (tetrakis(2,6-difluorophenyl)porphyrinate)). Isoporphyrin derivatives were characterized at cryogenic temperatures via ESI-MS and UV-vis, 2H NMR, and EPR spectroscopies. Addition of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene or 4-methoxyphenol to the imidazole-substituted isoporphyrin led to formation of the organic product containing the imidazole coupled to aromatic substrate via a new C-N bond, as detected via cryo-ESI-MS. Experimental evidence for the formation of an imidazole-substituted isoporphyrin and its promising reactivity to form the imidazole-phenol coupled product yields viability to the herein proposed pathway behind the PTM (i.e., biogenesis) leading to the key covalent Tyr-His cross-link in CcO.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Cattle
  • Electron Transport Complex IV / chemistry
  • Electron Transport Complex IV / metabolism*
  • Ferric Compounds / chemistry
  • Ferric Compounds / metabolism*
  • Heme / chemistry
  • Heme / metabolism
  • Imidazoles / chemistry
  • Imidazoles / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Porphyrins / chemistry
  • Porphyrins / metabolism*

Substances

  • Ferric Compounds
  • Imidazoles
  • Porphyrins
  • Heme
  • imidazole
  • Electron Transport Complex IV