Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary intake during the third trimester and preeclampsia.
Methods: A case-control study with 1∶1 matching was performed. A total of 131 patients with preeclampsia hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2016 to December 2016 were selected as the case group. According to age ±3 years and gestational age ±2 weeks, 131 pregnant women with normal blood pressure and no proteinuria in the hospital were randomly selected as the control group. The questionnaires of food frequency and gestational health risk factors in the past three months were conducted and the average daily intakes of various nutrients were calculated. Conditional Logistic regression was applied to analyze the data.
Results: Multivariate conditional Logistic regression showed that pre-pregnancy body mass index(OR=1. 18, 95%CI 1. 08-2. 82) and gestational weight gain(OR=1. 51, 95%CI 1. 15-1. 97) were higher, while the intakes of red and/or yellow fruits(OR=0. 76, 95%CI 0. 60-0. 98), and dietary vitamin C(OR=0. 57, 95%CI 0. 33-0. 99) and folic acid(OR=0. 36, 95%CI 0. 18-0. 72) were lower in case group than that in control group(P<0. 05).
Conclusion: Higher pre-pregnancy body mass index and over gestational weight gain are the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Appropriate increase of red and/or yellow fruit intake during pregnancy may be beneficial to prevent pre-eclampsia. Vitamin C and folic acid intake might be protective factors for pre-eclampsia. .
Keywords: case-control study; diet; nutrients; preeclampsia; pregnant women.