Background: Recent studies revealed that maternal and embryonic contributions impact on HLA-G protein expression and might contribute to pregnancy success or failure. The main objective of this study was to examine the paternal levels of the immunoregulatory soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) protein in seminal plasma and testicular biopsy samples during artificial reproductive technique (ART) treatment and to investigate possible correlations with other semen parameters, age, and pregnancy outcome of the female partner.
Methods: Soluble HLA-G levels of 106 seminal plasma samples and eight testicular biopsy samples were determined using a commercial sHLA-G Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.
Results: We observed a significant negative correlation of male age with total sHLA-G amount (P 0.023, R -0.221) and semen volume (P = 0.047, R -0.193). Testicular biopsy samples were analyzed and tested positively with sHLA-G ELISA. Levels of sHLA-G in seminal plasma samples from men with normozoospermia did not deviate significantly from those with reduced semen quality. No significant difference of sHLA-G levels in seminal plasma and pregnancy outcome of the female partner was detected. Our data showed that age of men with normozoospermia was significantly lower when the female partner conceived after ART treatment (P = 0.016, Mann-Whitney U test).
Conclusion: High sHLA-G levels in seminal plasma of the male partner appear not to be required for pregnancy but might contribute among other factors to the success of establishing and maintaining pregnancy through long-term priming of the female uterine milieu.
Keywords: HLA-G; fertility; in vitro fertilisation; pregnancy; semen.
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.