Introduction: Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are a serious therapeutic and clinical problem. An increasing role of ESBL(+) pathogens is observed in both community- and hospital-acquired infections. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and the risk factors for ESBL(+) bacteria infection in a pediatric ward during a 5-year period.
Material and methods: The medical documentation data of patients hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology and Allergology between 2011 and 2015 were subjected to a retrospective analysis. Cases of ESBL(+) bacterial infections were analyzed in detail.
Results: 0.57% (46) of all the hospitalizations (8015) during the 5-year observation period in our department were caused by ESBL (+) pathogens. It constituted 8.5% of all positive microbiological cultures obtained. The analysis revealed an increasing trend in the number of ESBL (+) infections throughout the observed period. 43.5% of patients were only asymptomatic carriers. In 71.7% urinary tract structural and functional abnormalities were present. 76.1% of patients had been hospitalized previously and 60.9% had undergone urinary tract invasive procedures.
Conclusions: The results confirm the rising trend of ESBL (+) infections during the observed period. ESBL (+) bacteria were isolated primarily in previously hospitalized children with particular reference to urinary tract invasive procedures during hospitalizations. Moreover, the study showed that patients with urogenital disorders and non-urinary chronic diseases are more susceptible to these priority pathogen infections.
Keywords: children; extended-spectrum β-lactamases; multidrug resistance; risk factors; urinary tract infections.