Biosynthesis of β-d-glucan‑gold nanoparticles, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in mouse splenocytes

Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Aug 1:134:379-389. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.065. Epub 2019 May 10.

Abstract

This study reports biosynthesis of gold-nanoparticles (AuNPs) by using β-d-glucans isolated from the yeast Yarrowia lypolitica D1. β-d-glucans serve as reducing and stabilizing mediators that induce the formation of AuNPs on the outer surface of the own β-d-glucan. The systems were physicochemically characterized by ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. The results revealed the generation of AuNPs with quasi-spherical shape or large one dimension (1D) gold-nanostructures (AuNSs) depending on the HAuCl4 concentration. A cytotoxic study was assessed in mouse splenocytes. Contrary to that expected, important cytotoxicity was found in all β-d-gluc+AuNPs systems by an oxidative stress increase. This study discusses the cytotoxic mechanism, suggesting that the resulting β-d-gluc+AuNPs systems may not be candidates for the formulation of immunostimulants or nanocarriers for biomedical applications.

Keywords: Delivery vehicles; Green biosynthesis; Immune system; Mouse splenocytes; Toxicity.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antioxidants
  • Biomarkers
  • Catalase
  • Cell Survival / immunology
  • Cytokines / genetics
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Cytotoxicity, Immunologic*
  • Gene Expression
  • Glucans* / chemistry
  • Gold* / chemistry
  • Green Chemistry Technology
  • Leukocytes / immunology
  • Leukocytes / metabolism
  • Male
  • Metal Nanoparticles* / chemistry
  • Metal Nanoparticles* / ultrastructure
  • Mice
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress*
  • Phagocytosis / immunology
  • Respiratory Burst
  • Spleen / cytology*
  • Spleen / physiology*

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Biomarkers
  • Cytokines
  • Glucans
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Gold
  • Catalase