Severe hyperlipidemia (>1000 mg/dL) at initial presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is rare. Cases of hyperlipidemia during therapy for childhood ALL where they were secondary to L-asparaginase or steroids have been described. This is a case report of a one-and-half-year-old boy who presented to us with fever, abdominal distension, severe pallor, and hepatosplenomegaly. Although his investigations were suggestive of ALL, the initial blood samples were found to be grossly lipemic. The lipid profile was abnormal, showing severe hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglycerides 1552 mg/dL). High-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels were low, but there were raised very low-density lipoprotein level and serum lactate dehydrogenase (18117 U/L). The patient was started on induction of remission with careful monitoring of biochemical parameters. Abnormal lipid levels declined gradually with normalization of the levels at the end of one week of chemotherapy. No further complications were encountered during the course of induction of remission.
Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; high-density lipoprotein; hypertriglyceridemia; very low-density lipoprotein.