Retinal haemorrhage in a child with optic neuritis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

BMJ Case Rep. 2019 May 5;12(5):e227211. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227211.

Abstract

A 2-year-old presented with lethargy, acute visual loss, fixed dilated pupils and severe bilateral retinal haemorrhages. The retinal findings raised concerns about abusive head trauma, but subsequent investigations confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral optic neuritis associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Keywords: child abuse; neuroopthalmology; retina; visual pathway.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Child Abuse
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / complications
  • Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / diagnosis*
  • Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / drug therapy
  • Evoked Potentials, Visual
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / therapeutic use*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Methylprednisolone / therapeutic use*
  • Neuroprotective Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Optic Nerve / pathology*
  • Optic Neuritis / diagnosis*
  • Optic Neuritis / drug therapy
  • Optic Neuritis / etiology
  • Retinal Hemorrhage / diagnostic imaging
  • Retinal Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Retinal Hemorrhage / pathology*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Visual Acuity

Substances

  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Methylprednisolone