Aberrant expression of alternative splicing variants in multiple sclerosis - A systematic review

Michael Hecker; Annelen Rüge; Elena Putscher; Nina Boxberger; Paulus Stefan Rommer; Brit Fitzner; Uwe Klaus Zettl

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.05.010

Aberrant expression of alternative splicing variants in multiple sclerosis - A systematic review

Autoimmun Rev. 2019 Jul;18(7):721-732. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.05.010. Epub 2019 May 4.

Authors

Michael Hecker¹, Annelen Rüge², Elena Putscher², Nina Boxberger², Paulus Stefan Rommer³, Brit Fitzner², Uwe Klaus Zettl²

Affiliations

¹ University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany. Electronic address: michael.hecker@rocketmail.com.
² University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
³ University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; Medical University of Vienna, Department of Neurology, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

PMID: 31059848
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.05.010

Abstract

Objective: Alternative splicing is an important form of RNA processing that affects nearly all human genes. The differential expression of specific transcript and protein isoforms holds the potential of novel biomarkers for complex diseases. In this systematic review, we compiled the existing literature on aberrant alternative splicing events in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: A systematic literature search in the PubMed database was carried out and supplemented by screening the reference lists of the identified articles. We selected only MS-related original research studies which compared the levels of different isoforms of human protein-coding genes. A narrative synthesis of the research findings was conducted. Additionally, we performed a case-control analysis using high-density transcriptome microarray data to reevaluate the genes that were examined in the reviewed studies.

Results: A total of 160 records were screened. Of those, 36 studies from the last two decades were included. Most commonly, peripheral blood samples were analyzed (32 studies), and PCR-based techniques were usually employed (27 studies) for measuring the expression of selected genes. Two studies used an exploratory genome-wide approach. Overall, 27 alternatively spliced genes were investigated. Nine of these genes appeared in at least two studies (CD40, CFLAR, FOXP3, IFNAR2, IL7R, MOG, PTPRC, SP140 and TNFRSF1A). The microarray data analysis confirmed differential alternative pre-mRNA splicing for 19 genes.

Conclusions: An altered RNA processing of genes mediating immune signaling pathways has been repeatedly implicated in MS. The analysis of individual exon-level expression patterns is stimulated by the advancement of transcriptome profiling technologies. In particular, the examination of genes encoded in MS-associated genetic regions may provide important insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and help to identify new biomarkers.

Keywords: Alternative splicing; Autoimmunity; Blood biomarkers; Gene isoforms; Genetics; IL7R; Multiple sclerosis; RNA processing; Systematic review; Transcriptomics.

Publication types

Systematic Review

MeSH terms

Alternative Splicing*
Gene Expression
Humans
Multiple Sclerosis / genetics*