Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare, but increasingly more common diagnosis. Although more there are more cases of penile cancer being diagnosed (the incidence is increasing), mortality (or conversely overall survival) has not changed. A detailed discussion of current treatments, along with potential therapeutic targets, and ongoing clinical trials is presented. This review gives insight to treatment strategies and novel modalities to combat a disease with sparse therapeutic options.
Keywords:
Human papilloma virus; Novel therapy; Penile cancer.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
-
Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
-
Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
-
Biomarkers, Tumor / antagonists & inhibitors*
-
Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
-
Clinical Trials as Topic
-
Humans
-
Incidence
-
Male
-
Molecular Epidemiology
-
Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification
-
Papillomavirus Infections / epidemiology*
-
Papillomavirus Infections / genetics
-
Papillomavirus Infections / therapy
-
Papillomavirus Infections / virology
-
Papillomavirus Vaccines / therapeutic use*
-
Penile Neoplasms / epidemiology*
-
Penile Neoplasms / genetics
-
Penile Neoplasms / therapy
-
Penile Neoplasms / virology
-
Risk Factors
-
Treatment Outcome
Substances
-
Antineoplastic Agents
-
Biomarkers, Tumor
-
Papillomavirus Vaccines