Background: The proportion of women in surgery has risen significantly yet there remains gender discrepancies in upper leadership positions in academia. Specialty societies play an important role in academic advancement but the progression of women in surgical societies has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are gender differences in advancement within the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) leadership.
Methods: A retrospective audit of all SAGES committee members (CM) from 1992 to 2018 was performed. The overall membership gender distribution was available from 2010 to 2018. Leadership positions included Committee Chair/Co-chair, Board of Governors, and Executive Committee. Three phenomena were investigated: "pipeline," by determining the change in women CMs compared to overall membership over time; "sticky floors," by comparing advancement beyond CM by gender; "glass-ceiling," by analyzing the promotion trajectory and time to leadership positions between genders. Statistical analysis comparing trends over time was performed using Kendall-tau.
Results: There were 1546 surgeons who served on at least one committee during the study period. Women represented 21% of CMs, 18% of chairs/co-chairs, 16% of board members and 14% of executives, with one woman President. The proportion of women CMs has significantly increased over time from 3% in 1992 to 27% in 2018 (p-trend < 0.001). A similar proportion of women and men advanced beyond CM (17% vs. 14%, p = 0.194), with no difference in time to advancement. From 2010 to 2018, the increase in the proportion of women CMs and board members outpaced that of overall women members (p < 0.05). Women executives surpassed overall women members in 2018 (29% vs. 19%). A similar proportion of men and women "skipped ranks" to reach the Board/Executive (37% vs. 25%, p = 0.307).
Conclusion: The proportion of women in leadership positions within SAGES is higher than in the overall membership. There were no gender differences in the advancement of CMs to leadership positions. While these data are encouraging, SAGES should continue to foster the advancement of women surgeons.
Keywords: Advancement; Gender bias; Leadership; Surgery; Women.